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The cells of all organisms have several surveillance systems designed to digest out and recycle damaged proteins. Numerous studies have shown that these processes are less efficient with age, so that progressively accumulate protein in the cells. But aging researchers continue to debate whether this protein structure to the actual loss of function of aging or instead only connected with the losses. The Einstein study was to address the controversy from.
One of these surveillance systems - responsible for handling 30 percent or more of damaged cellular protein - uses molecules known as chaperones to seek damaged proteins. After finding such a protein, the chaperone ferries it one of the many cell lysosomes - membrane-bound sacs filled with enzymes. When the chaperone and its cargo "dock" on a receptor molecule on the surface of the lysosomes, the protein is drawn into the lysosome damage and quickly digested by enzymes.
In earlier work, Dr. Cuervo found that the chaperone surveillance system, in particular less efficient than cells from age, so an accumulation of undigested proteins in the cells. It has also identified the main cause for this decline with age: bind a slowdown in the number of lysosomal receptors may chaperones and their damaged proteins. Could lost receptors in older animals maintain the efficiency of this system of protein removal in the entire life of an animal and perhaps keep the function of cells and organs of the animal as well?
To find out, Dr. Cuervo created provided a transgenic mouse model with an extra gene - one that codes for the receptor, which normally decreases the number with age. Another genetic manipulation allowed Dr. Cuervo to turn on this extra gene only in the liver and at a time of their choosing, simply by changing the feed.
To maintain the level of the receptor constant throughout life, Dr. Cuervo waited mice were six months (the age that the chaperone system begins to sink efficiency) before it has the receptor gene. When the mice at 22 to 26 months (the equivalent of about 80 years in humans) were studied, digested, the liver cells of transgenic mice and recycled protein far more efficiently than their normal counterparts of the same age - and in fact as efficient as in normal six month-old mice.
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